Our Universe runs with fundamental forces of nature. They are Electromagnetism, Strong force, Weak force and Gravitation. These forces are natural interactions that exist around us in our universe. Study about these interactions could explain our very existence in the universe. A living thing/organism is defined as an organism that shows signs of life, displaying abilities to breathe, ingest, metabolize, grow, move, reproduce and age. A … Continue reading Forces of Nature
Energy transfer follows the tenets of the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but transforms from one form to another. There is a flow of energy within a living body continually from one form to another. A kilocalorie (kCal) is a measure of a food’s potential energy trapped/stored within its chemical structure, which the muscular system changes into … Continue reading Energy Transfer
There are three energy supply systems in our body. All three systems work on a smooth continuum. ATP – PCr (Immediate) energy system: An immediate energy supply required for a physical activity such as 100 m sprint or lifting a heavy weight (high intensity – short duration), comes mainly from intramuscular high-energy phosphates, ATPs and PCr. Such (very fast) energy supply lasts only less than 10 seconds … Continue reading Energy Supply Systems
All metabolic processes in the body require energy supply (food) but depend on the use of oxygen (O2) for extraction of energy which ultimately results in heat production. There are two approaches to quantify human energy expenditure during rest and physical activity. They are: direct calorimetry and indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry is the method of directly quantifying the body’s rate of biologic work (energy expenditure/metabolism) by … Continue reading Energy Expenditure
ATP supply & Energy production: Our body has a continuous ATP electron transport supply from the cells’ cytosol (Anaerobic – Glycolysis) and the mitochondria (Aerobic – Citric acid cycle/Respiratory chain), through various metabolic pathways. In cytosol (an aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell), the anaerobic breakdown of phosphocreatine (PCr), glucose, glycerol, and carbon skeletons of deaminated amino acids take place to produce ATP for … Continue reading ATP Electron Transport
