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Diseases and Conditions, Home

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and, in severe cases, fusion of the vertebrae (1). It is classified under the broader category of axial spondyloarthritis and is a systemic condition that can also impact peripheral joints, entheses (sites where tendons and ligaments attach to bone), and extra-articular systems such as the … Continue reading Ankylosing Spondylitis

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Clinician analyzing patient data to make diagnostic and treatment decisions, representing the dual-process model of clinical reasoning
Diagnostic Skills, Home

Clinical Reasoning

Clinical reasoning is a fundamental process that underpins all healthcare decision-making. It refers to the mental strategies and cognitive mechanisms clinicians use to gather information, interpret patient data, and make informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Effective clinical reasoning is essential not only for identifying the nature of a patient’s condition but also for determining the most appropriate intervention, making it central to safe, efficient, … Continue reading Clinical Reasoning

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Diseases and Conditions, Home

Adhesive Capsulitis

Introduction Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is characterized by painful and progressively restricted shoulder mobility due to fibrotic changes in the joint capsule. It affects approximately 2–5% of the general population, with a higher incidence in individuals with diabetes. First described by Codman in 1934 and later termed adhesive capsulitis by Neviaser in 1945, the condition can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to … Continue reading Adhesive Capsulitis

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Diseases and Conditions, Home

Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis affecting the knee, often resulting from the progressive loss of articular cartilage. It predominantly affects older adults and can significantly impact mobility and quality of life (1). Symptoms Knee OA typically develops gradually, with symptoms worsening over time. Common symptoms include: – Knee pain that is gradual in onset and worsens with activity – Stiffness … Continue reading Knee Osteoarthritis

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Diagnostic Skills, Evidence Based Practice, Home

Patient-Clinician Communication

Evidence-based practices help clinicians evaluate complex clinical data, yet the translation of these insights into meaningful patient care requires conveying information in a way that is both accessible and reassuring. The effectiveness of patient outcomes also hinges on clear, empathetic communication. The following discussion explores strategies for effective patient-clinician communication, emphasizing how balancing technical expertise with compassionate dialogue can lead to improved understanding, trust, and … Continue reading Patient-Clinician Communication

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