Spine-related extremity pain, particularly involving the cervical region, presents a complex clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and overlapping symptomatology. Accurate diagnosis and t...
Management of cervical radicular syndromes can involve surgical or conservative approaches. Evidence suggests that while surgery may provide faster pain relief compared to physical therapy or hard-col...
Johann Friedrich Horner originally described the Horner syndrome (HS) in humans in 1869 (van der Wiel HL. 2002). HS is caused by a disruption in the oculosympathetic circuit between the hypothalamus a...
Brown-Sequard Syndrome, as delineated in 1849 by Brown-Se´quard CE, emanates from trauma inflicted upon the anatomical hemicord. This trauma precipitates disruption of the descending lateral corticosp...
Spurling’s Test: The purpose is to identify the presence of cervical radiculopathy among patients with upper quadrant pain. (1, 2). Patient Position: Sitting upright. Examiner Position: Standing besid...