Primary care physicians frequently see patients with low back pain (LBP). To minimise excessive lumbar flexion, societal attempts to reduce LBP have resulted in more upright work settings. Mechanical ...
Prevalence rates grew by 17% globally between 2005 and 2015 (Hurwitz 2018). A first episode of low back pain occurring within a year is estimated to occur between 6.3% and 15.4% of the time, with esti...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected lumbar pathology may be a significant factor in the context of low back pain (LBP) recurrence (M Hildebrandt et al, 2017). Investigating lumbar pathology with...
The majority of symptomatic disc herniations are found at the lower two lumbar interspaces, that is, about 50% at L4–5 and 47% at L5-S1 (1). The remaining 3% are found at higher lumbar levels (1). A r...