Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected lumbar pathology may be a significant factor in the context of low back pain (LBP) recurrence (M Hildebrandt et al, 2017). Investigating lumbar pathology with...
Introduction: Mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) of the cervical spine, also known as the McKenzie method, has been the focus of research in the field of musculoskeletal physical therapy in recent...
The upper two cervical segments formed by atlanto-occiptal & atlanto-axial joints are anatomically dissimilar from the functional units below. In this article, I am going to share some insights th...
The majority of symptomatic disc herniations are found at the lower two lumbar interspaces, that is, about 50% at L4–5 and 47% at L5-S1 (1). The remaining 3% are found at higher lumbar levels (1). A r...
The neck has anatomic structures that are involved in balance control (cervical afferents), vascular tone regulation (carotid sinuses), blood circulation (carotid and vertebral arteries), and mechanic...