Cauliflower ear is a condition that changes the shape of the outer ear after an injury.
It happens when the ear is hit or pressed many times. This causes blood or fluid to build up between the skin and cartilage (the firm part of the ear).
If not treated, the ear can swell and harden, giving it a lumpy shape like a cauliflower (1).
Symptoms
The symptoms of cauliflower ear depend on how serious the injury is (2, 3).
Mild Symptoms
- Pain or soreness
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Curved or misshaped ear
Severe Symptoms:
- Hearing loss
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Headaches
- Blurry vision
- Facial swelling
- Heavy bleeding
If you notice these symptoms after an ear injury, it is best to see a doctor quickly.
Causes
Cauliflower ear is caused by repeated trauma to the ear. This often happens during sports or activities that involve physical contact (2, 3).
Common Causes Include
- Wrestling: Frequent rubbing or hitting of the ear
- Boxing and MMA: Blows to the side of the head
- Rugby and Football: Collisions and tackles
Risks and Factors
People who are most at risk include:
● Athletes in contact sports (like wrestling or boxing)
● People who do not use proper ear protection
● Those with repeated ear injuries
● Anyone wearing tight or loose headgear that causes friction.
These factors increase the chance of developing cauliflower ear if the ear is not protected (2,3).
Diagnosis
To diagnose cauliflower ear, your doctor will:
● Look at the ear and the surrounding area
● Ask about your injury
● Check your hearing and nerves
● Do a CT scan if needed
● Early diagnosis helps prevent permanent ear damage.
Treatment Options
● Drainage
If done early, your doctor can drain the collected fluid to stop swelling and avoid long-term changes in shape.
● Surgery (Otoplasty)
If the ear becomes hard and misshaped, surgery can help improve its appearance.
● First Aid
Applying ice right after the injury can help reduce pain and swelling before medical care.
Prevention Tips
You can help prevent cauliflower ear by following these steps:
● Wear protective headgear: Use helmets or ear guards during contact sports
● Make sure the gear fits well: Loose or tight gear can harm the ear
● Use ear protectors or molds: These can give extra safety
● Avoid high ear piercings: They can lead to infections or swelling
Living with
Cauliflower ear is a common but preventable ear injury. With early treatment and proper protection, you can avoid permanent damage.
If your ear is swollen or painful after a hit, don’t wait; get medical help to protect your ear’s shape and health.
References
1. Ghanem T, Rasamny JK, Park SS. Rethinking auricular trauma. Laryngoscope. 2005 Jul;115(7):1251-5. doi: 10.1097/01.MLG.0000165377.92622.EF. PMID: 15995516.
2. Long B, Mason J, Bridwell RE, Gottlieb M. Managing Auricular Hematoma: An Emergency Medicine Narrative Review. J Emerg Med. 2025 Feb;69:62-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.08.021. Epub 2024 Sep 3. PMID: 39904638.
3. Greywoode JD, Pribitkin EA, Krein H. Management of auricular hematoma and the cauliflower ear. Facial Plast Surg. 2010 Dec;26(6):451-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1267719. Epub 2010 Nov 17. PMID: 21086231.
